Lecture 2 | Consensus Layer

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Conselsus layer pre-reading

Before starting with the the CL lecture, make sure to watch the first lecture in the intro.

Additionally, you can check following resources before diving into following video:

Ethereum.org docs on Proof-of-stake and its subtopics
Beacon Chain explainer
PoS and Solar Punk Future, Danny Ryan 2022, a talk before the Merge, great insight into the Merge and Beacon Chain development and testing

Lecture outline

Blockchain enables creating a digital scarcity but it needs security which ensures its integrity
Distributed networks deal with Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT)
Bitcoin first solved the BFT with PoW
Ethereum moves to proof-of-stake, switching from exogenous signal for Sybil protection to endogenous in the system
Uses BFT majority to determine the state of the chain
- Byzantine faults can be observed by the protocol and stake can be slashed
- The fork choice rule summarized in LMD-GHOST
- It ensures liveness thanks to Casper
Provides more cryptoeconomic security

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